Item nanme:Cefaclor Capsules Item character:The product is white
Indication: This product is mainly suitable for respiratory, urinary, ENT, skin and soft tissue infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
Item specifications:0.25g*6tab/box
Usage and dosage:This product should be taken orally on an empty stomach.
Adult commonly used quantity is 0.25g once, 3 times a day. The dose of patients with severe infection can be doubled, but the total daily amount is no more than 4.0g. Or follow the doctor's instructions.
Adverse reactions The side effects of cefaclor were as follows
Allergic reactions: according to reports, about 1.5% of patients, including urticaria like rash (1 / 100). Pruritus, urticaria and Coombs test were positive, and the incidence was less than 1 / 200.
It has been reported that the use of cefaclor will lead to serum sickness like reaction. This reaction is characterized by erythema multiforme, rashes and other skin manifestations with arthritis / arthralgia, fever or no fever. Unlike typical seropathy, it is rarely associated with lymphadenopathy and proteinuria, no circulating immune complexes, and no signs of reaction sequelae. People are doing in-depth research. Serum sickness like reaction seems to be due to allergy, often occurs during the second course of cefaclor or is entering the second course. It is reported that children are more likely to have this kind of reaction than adults. The total incidence of this kind of reaction is 1 case (0.5%) in 200 cases of a centralized trial, and 2 cases (0.024%) in 8346 cases of a total clinical trial [the incidence of children in each clinical trial is 0.055%, and 1 case (0.003%) in 38000 cases of automatic reporting of side effects]. Signs and syndromes that appear a few days after the start of treatment subside a few days after the cessation of treatment. Such reactions occasionally lead to hospitalization, but the length of stay is usually very short (according to post marketing surveillance studies, the average length of stay is 2-3 days). Among these patients who need to be hospitalized, the symptoms range from mild to severe, and the incidence of severe reactions is higher in children. Antihistamines and glucocorticoids seem to enhance the relief of signs and syndromes. No serious sequelae were reported. More severe allergic reactions (including Stevens Johnson syndrome, toxic epithelial necrolysis and allergy) are rarely reported. Patients with a history of penicillin allergy may have more frequent allergic reactions.
Gastrointestinal syndrome: the incidence rate is about 2.5%, including diarrhea (1 out of 70 cases). There have been reports of nausea and vomiting.
Pseudomembranous colitis syndrome may occur during or after antibiotic treatment. It has been reported that pseudomembranous enteritis can be caused by the use of a large number of spectral antibiotics. Transient hepatitis, rarely reported. Cholestatic jaundice has been reported.
Other side effects associated with treatment included eosinophilia (1 in 50 cases). Genital pruritus or vaginitis (less than 1 in 100 cases), thrombocytopenia and interstitial nephritis have been reported. Candida has been reported.
The causal relationship is not clear
Central nervous system side effects: hyperactivity, nervousness, insomnia, insanity, hypertension, dizziness, hallucination and drowsiness are rarely reported.
It has been reported that clinical laboratory test results have temporary abnormal values. Although the cause of the disease is unknown, it is still listed below as information to draw the attention of doctors.
Liver side effects: ast (SGOT), ALT (SGPT) or alkaline phosphatase slightly increased (1 case in 40 cases of the latter). Abnormal liver function test has been reported.
Hematopoietic system: just like other systems β As reported by lactam antibiotics, this product can cause transient lymphocytosis and leukopenia. Hemolytic anemia and aplastic anemia are rare. Agranulocytosis, neutropenia, eosinophilia and angioedema have been reported.
Kidney: bun or serum creatinine level slightly increased (the latter less than 1 / 500) or abnormal urine analysis (less than 1 / 200). Abnormal renal function test has been reported.
Some cephalosporins can cause epilepsy, especially in patients with renal insufficiency, and the dosage is not reduced. If there is dysentery related to drug treatment, the drug should be stopped. Anticonvulsants can be given if necessary..
Taboo: It is forbidden for those allergic to cefaclor and other cephalosporins.
Matters needing attention: 1. Before using cefaclor, it is necessary to determine whether the patient is allergic to cefaclor or other cephalosporins, penicillins or other drugs. If this product is used in patients allergic to penicillin, attention should be paid, because the literature clearly reported in the β Cross allergy (including anaphylaxis) occurs in lactam antibiotics.
If an allergic reaction to cefaclor occurs, the drug should be stopped immediately. If necessary, first aid measures should be taken, including oxygen inhalation, intravenous injection of antihistamine and epinephrine, tracheal intubation, etc.
Antibiotics (including cefaclor) should be used with caution for patients with certain type of allergy (especially for drugs) in the past.
2. The half-life of cefaclor in anuria patients is 2.3-2.8 hours. For patients with moderate to severe renal impairment, the dose is usually constant. In this case, the clinical experience of cefaclor is limited, so careful clinical observation and laboratory examination should be carried out.
3. It has been reported that practically all broad-spectrum antibiotics (including macrocyclic lipid antibiotics) are used. Semi synthetic penicillin and cephalosporin) can produce pseudomembranous colitis. Therefore, it is important to consider this diagnosis if diarrhea occurs in patients using antibiotics. The degree of this kind of colitis varies from mild to life-threatening. For mild cases of pseudomembranous colitis, it is usually effective only by stopping the drug. For moderate to severe cases, appropriate treatment measures should be taken.
4. General precautions: long term use of cefaclor will cause a large number of non sensitive strains to multiply. Therefore, careful observation of patients is essential. If double infection occurs during treatment, appropriate measures must be taken.
5. It has been reported that during the treatment with cephalosporins, the Coombs test was directly positive. It has been reported that in the treatment of cefaclor, it was found that the kumus test was directly positive. It must be recognized that, for example, in hematology studies or during cross matching of blood transfusions (when antiglobulin tests are performed) or in the case of newborns whose mothers had taken cephalosporins before delivery, the positive results of the kums test may be related to drugs.
6. Interference to laboratory indexes: copper sulfate urine glucose test can be false positive, but glucose test method is not affected; Serum alanine and transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and blood urea nitrogen increased; The serum and urine creatinine levels were pseudo increased by Jaffe reaction.
7. This product should be taken orally, because food can delay its absorption. Milk does not affect the absorption of this product.
8. This product should be kept out of the reach of children.
Medication for pregnant and lactating women: Administration during pregnancy: repeated reproductive studies were carried out on mice and rats, with the dose as high as 12 times of human dose, and the research dose for ferrets was three times of human maximum dose. The results showed that there was no evidence that cefaclor impaired fertility or endangered the fetus. However, there is no appropriate and well controlled clinical study on pregnant women. Because animal reproduction research can not always predict the human body's reaction, it is not suitable to use this product during pregnancy unless it is urgently needed.
Delivery: the effect of cefaclor on delivery is unclear.
Lactating mothers: after a single oral dose of 500mg, a small amount of cefaclor was detected in breast milk. The average levels of cefaclor at 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours after taking were 0.18, 0.20, 0.21 and 0.16mg/l, respectively. Trace drugs were detected at 1 hour. The effect of this product on infants is unknown. Be careful when giving cefaclor to lactating women.
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